Evaluation Of The Elementary Classroom - 1383 Words

Supervision Narrative I conducted observations at the high school, middle school, and elementary levels. At the elementary level I observed a first grade teacher on October 22nd and 23rd at Hambright Elementary school and observed language arts and math instruction. On the first day I went in the morning and observed the beginning of the day routines. At this point in the year the teacher had established the rules and procedures for student arrival. Students arrived and immediately placed item in their individual compartments, sat at their desks, and worked on assignments posted on the board until all students arrived. The teacher gave verbal reminders to the class as a whole. She gave positive corrections and verbally pointed out positive examples of students following the appropriate procedures. I observed the teacher instructing on vocabulary, sentence structure, and reading. The following day I came in the afternoon and observed a math lesson, the teacher and a guest reading a ch apter book, and the dismissal procedures. The elementary classroom functioned on a lot of structure and procedures: transition from one activity to another, submission of homework, restroom request, and arrival/dismissal. The amount of energy and enthusiasm needed by the teacher to keep the students engaged was commendable. The teacher changed the activity every ten to fifteen minutes. During reading time, she worked with a group of six students at a table while watching the remainder of theShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research On The Data Collection At An Elementary School Classroom1241 Words   |  5 Pages5. Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Four focus groups were held. The setting for the data collection was at an elementary school classroom. The researcher does not justify the use of the specific setting to the reader. It also did not states the impact the setting had on participant in terms of their emotions and participation level, it only stated that there some challenges. Observations and personal experience is an important avenue through which data can be collectedRead MoreSan Bernardino City Unified School District858 Words   |  4 Pagessevere special day classroom (SDC) setting and special education services. Effectively educating youth with moderate to severe disabilities is not a simplex task, as it requires multifaceted skillsets involving various special education professionals. Developing and executing a service delivery model that targets student’s individual needs, while simultaneously supporting students in strides towards life long goals is crucial. Carmack Elementary is one of fifty-two el ementary schools within SBCUSDRead More Literature for Use in Classroom Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature for Use in Classroom Donna E. Nortons purpose in her book is intended to help adults discover ways to share their enchantment with books, our literary heritage, and an appreciation for literature that will last a lifetime (v). Teachers share that same goal. In selecting literature for a classroom, teachers need to take in account the following: the schools standards and benchmarks, the adopted sequential curriculum, the age of the students, their stages of language, cognitiveRead MoreChapter Iii:. Methods. Introduction. Chapter Two Discussed1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe media framework is one way to keep the curriculum relevant and engaging. This chapter outlines three projects that show how integrating 21st century skills in the elementary media framework can create authentic and meaningful learning experiences. Project one is the creation of a scope and sequence for the use of an elementary media specialist teaching grades kindergarten through fifth. Project two is the culmination of 24 step- by- ste p lessons that integrate with the scope and sequence. LastlyRead MoreCurriculum Strengths and Weaknesses1333 Words   |  6 Pagesis strong, but the classroom instruction does not seem to be integrated with the mission/philosophy statement of the school. The curriculum should be integrated to help the â€Å"students see and make the connections between and among subjects† (ETIM, 2005). The school environment is strong. There is general concern among the staff for the welfare of the students but more should be done to strengthen the student assistance program to help students at risk right from the elementary level. Students whoRead MoreQuantitative Study Evaluation1436 Words   |  6 PagesQuantitative Study Evaluation Capella University Spring 2013: Instructor: Lisa McBride Quantitative Study Evaluation The purpose of this research is to evaluate the Effects of Classroom Structure on Student Achievement Goal Orientation. There were three classes chosen and the students had to set weekly goals based on performance and learning. Many of the students in the contingency group based their weekly goals more on learning than performance and many of the studentsRead MoreMarley Elementary : A Public Elementary School1626 Words   |  7 PagesMarley Elementary is a public elementary school located in Glen Burnie, Maryland, in the Anne Arundel County district. Marley Elementary opened its doors in 2005, and has since expanded by opening a new wing for preschool through first grade in 2014. According to AACPS.org, there were 724 students enrolled at Marley Elementary in 2014. Marley Elementary is a host of a diverse range of families, with many bilingual students, students with unique family backgrounds, students with diverse learningRead MoreThes Population Is About 58000 People1078 Words   |  5 Pages2014). Each elementary school has a different instructional and management philosophy best meeting the diverse population in our district. Individual schools choose the academic programs they wish to use to support the common core performance standards and their school improvement plans. Willard Elementary school is located in downtown Casper educating 220 students who consist of; pre-k through fifth grade, including one resource room, and two Functional Life skills classrooms. We are currentlyRead MoreWhy Is An Elementary Teacher Important? Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is an elementary teacher important? What skills do you need to become an elementary school teacher? What Does An Elementary School Teacher Do? An elementary school teacher is a person who develops lesson plan to teach students a wide range of subjects targeted at imparting knowledge in them and improving their intellectual capability in a school setting. These teachers evaluate the students comprehension and knowledge of the material. Elementary teachers use assessments of homework assignmentsRead MoreElementary Schools : The Uic Initiative Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesPREPARING PRESERVICE TEACHERS FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION IN URBAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: The UIC Initiative Becoming a teacher is growing by the day. Many people see becoming a teacher as the best job based on the schedule. With teacher’s having holidays and summers off, it is a win, win. Other people go into teaching to have the same schedules as their children or for the love of teaching and wanting the students to have full knowledge to get them through the schools years, as well as, preparing them

What Is the Difference Between Sex and Gender - 1974 Words

What is the Difference Between ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’? To start this essay I will clearly state definitions of ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’ respectively. ‘Sex’ is described as ‘the biological properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles.’(Princeton University – 2010). Whereas gender is listed as ‘the state of being male or female, typically with reference to social or cultural differences rather than biological.’(Michigan University – 2010). In this essay I will explore and investigate both sex and gender, whilst identifying the differences between the two. I will start by elaborating on the given definitions. Sex is defined on the Princeton University website as ‘biological’. This is a word that has†¦show more content†¦Metrosexuality is a concept that explains the modern shift regarding gender sufficiently. Metrosexuality is allowing modern males and women to break out from the typical gender stereotypes. (Davi es – No Date). Gender can be considered fluid in the sense that one can challenge their own gender identity, in some instances holding it completely opposed to their sex.(Morine – 2009) This allows individuals to express their gender preferences as freely as they like. Rather than it being just girls who care about their appearance, and play with Barbie’s, boys often put down their Action Man to play with a Barbie, this ‘fluidity’ of gender, leads us back once more to the definition of gender. The definition states that gender is culturally and socially constructed, opposed to sex which is biologically determined. It seems that the culture we are brought up in establishes the strength of our gender character. An example of this is in Chinese, and East Asian culture. In a communist state the distance between men and women has corroded, women were equal to seek education and employment, when in ancient times; it was only the men that were afforded tha t luxury. This also changed the place of woman, and femininity in Chinese culture. In most Western, capitalist societies, it is the men living in the metropolis cities who are the dominant sex, with the majority of men gaining highShow MoreRelatedWhat Does The Practice Of Transgenderism Suggest About The Difference Between Sex And Gender?2114 Words   |  9 Pagestransgenderism suggest about the difference between sex and gender? In this paper, I will talk about the differences of sex and gender from the aspect of transgenderism. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the sex and gender. Whenever a human born, they always have a natural sex with them. Sex, a more biologic and physiological meaning, which means two main categories, male or female, into which organisms are placed on this basis. On the other hand, gender is a social meaning pertainingRead MoreEssay about Women and Men Are Made, Not Born987 Words   |  4 Pagesof complex social processes. Beauvoir’s statement suggests that gender roles and behaviour are not inherent and that social positioning should not be determined by sex. This essay will begin by drawing a distinction between sex and gender, and will then discuss two arguments that explore the origins of gender difference; social construction theory as implied by Beauvoir’s statement, and the biological determinist position. Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of ‘masculine’ andRead MoreDistinction Between Sex And Gender1740 Words   |  7 Pages distinction between sex and gender be defined? In discussing whether the distinction between sex and gender can be defined I am going to use the early distinction between the two and how this has been socially constructed to identify if there is a distinction. Additionally, I am going to use a variety of feminist influences since the 1960’s, to draw upon the main issues when defining sex and gender. I will investigate the implications of defining sex and gender by looking at sexism. I hope thisRead MorePros and Cons to Single-Sex Schools1271 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-sex Schools In the 1990s, there were a mere 2 single-sex schools present in the United States due to legal restrictions placed on sex-segregation facilities; however, as laws — the No Child Left Behind Act, Breckenridge ruling, and the Wood County ruling — have allowed for single-gender educational facilities, this number has risen to approximately 500 schools (Lewin; NASSPE: Legal). Popularity of single-gender schools stems from the academic success of their students as show by their testRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pages Most people believe gender and sex are kindred, but they’re not. There is a difference between gender and sex. According to OpenStax, â€Å"Sex is how society classifies a person’s genetic and biological anatomy. Gender is how an individual views their identity, regardless of sex. Sex is biological in nature and determines one s biological destiny. Gender, on the other hand, helps define one s role wit hin society†. Sex is based on genetics, whereas gender is based on the environmental surrounding.Read MoreThe Current Day And Age Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn the current day and age, gender can be a very controversial topic. Back in the early 1950’s, there were very clearly defined gender roles for males and females. It is no longer as simple as it once was to define gender. Factors such as sociocultural influence, the scientific difference between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex†, and politics all play into gender roles and gender identity. America’s cultural idea of masculinity and femininity can also differ from other cultures making it a unique definitionRead MoreBiological Sex, Gender, And Gender Roles901 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the moment that the parent learns the biological sex of the baby, even as early as the ultrasound, they begin the first step of making many steps towards the long journey of the child’s socialization.   Even as they consider what the child should be named, they decide whether it is a boy or a girl name and then they proceed with decisions such as what color the room should be painted in association with the biological sex of the child. Will the child be dressed in frilly pink dresses or in blueRead MoreGender Distinction Between Sex And Gender1469 Words   |  6 PagesThree objectives will be tried to achieve in this paper: 1) Explicate the distinction between sex and gender. 2) I will go through the Sally Haslanger’s argument which supports the distinction, and Rachel Williams’ argument which objects the sex and gender distinction. 3) I will examine that the necessity of having the sex and gender distinction in the society. I suggest that the necessity of having the sex and gender distinction is perspective-sensitive, which means that the necessity of having theRead MoreGender Differences Within Social Development1747 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is set to inform the reader of the gender differences through social development. Depending on a child’s gender, things such as gender identity and social acceptance have a great impact in their development. The first thing parents learned about their children before birth is the sex of the baby. This highlights the importance of sex and gender. Sex differences have long been a very important topic in psychology and in understanding why gender differences affect social development. Social learningRead MoreSex And Gender And Deviant Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesThere is significant value in continuing research sex and gender differences in psychology, as substantial differences in particular psychological processes exist. Perhaps the most impactful area that psychologists can continue to study sex and gender differences is in psychopathologies and deviant behavior. This is for two reasons: because significant sex and gender differences exist in the manifestation, diagnosis, and treat ment of certain psychopathologies and deviant behavior; and that this category

Immigration Museum Cultural Diversity In Australia

Question: How does the Immigration Museum present the history of cultural diversity in Australia? Answer: Introduction Here in this report, the researcher will try to critically evaluate the cultural diversity of Australia and on that very note will evaluate the role of the Immigration Museum in keeping the immigration history of the country intact. The Immigration Museum of Victoria successfully maintains remnant of the immigration history of the country which categorically exposes the very era of the Austalian history in which people from other countries found their residing places in the various parts of the country. The history of immigration in Australia can be traced back to the date of 1820 when for the first time whalers and sealers have arrived on the Australian coast and marked the beginning of the immigration tradition of the country (Walsh, 2008). The tradition of immigration in Australia is a never ending process and the immigration process is still on even in the present day. The government of Australia also puts great emphasis on this very immigration culture. The multicultural nature of the country is an outcome of the intermingling between people living in the various parts of Australia, but belonging to different countries who use to have different spoken language, attitude, beliefs and thought process (Taylor, 2001). The Immigration Museum has successfully recorded the gradual process of immigration that took place in this beautiful piece of earth. Here the researcher will try to capture this very essence of the Immigration Museum in which it becomes the banner bearer of Australias cultural diversity. Immigration Museum The Immigration Museum of Victoria, the popular most museum of the country, was located at the heart of the city of Victoria. The reasons behind choosing the Old Customs House as the most appropriate place for establishing the museum is partially due to the fact that in this very house there are ample records available about the goods which were exported and imported from the country since time immemorial. Apart from that the very house contains certain important documents which had detailed news about the immigrants who came to this country and the inhabitants who left the country for ever. These documents greatly help the museum in collecting necessary details about the immigration history of the country. The museum is designed in such a way that it is really easy for a visitor to find any portion from the immigration history of the country with little effort and intention. The floor plan of the Immigration Museum of Victoria is built in such a way that each and every part of the museum clearly displays documents, mementos and remnants of a particular phase of Australian history. Soon after entering into the Immigration museum one can surely find places like Atrium, Courtyard, Education Centre, Grand Foyer, and Long Room (Museumvictoria.com.au, 2015). The museum is designed in such a way that it successfully categorises each and every phase of the Australian immigration history with minute details. The museum has separate sections in which the proofs of the Chinese, African, West European and Italian immigrants are properly demonstrated. The way in which the entire mus eum is designed, it will not be an exaggeration to say that the museum itself becomes a living example of the cultural diversity of the country. Cultural Diversity of Australia Australia is a multicultural country (Healy, 2005). People from different parts of the world find this very place appropriate for establishing their habitation here. The country stretches its hands of support for the immigrants in such a way so that the immigrants can gain equal opportunity of earning livelihood, building up residing places and sustaining in this part of the earth along with its native people. The cultural diversity of the country raises its voice of support for the fact that the native people of the country also make a place for their immigrant counterparts so that they can live tension free in this very country. In the opinion of Wright (2013) the intermingling between the native people of Australia and the immigrants proves to be an enriching experience for the culture of both the native Australians and that of the immigrants. It is necessary to understand that at this very juncture that the immigrant population of the country did not come from a particular overseas country. According to Campbell (2005), people from various parts of the world has gathered in this place only in search of an earning opportunity or for a safe place to reside. As far as the viewpoint of Walsh (2008) goes, the he immigrant population of the country primarily arrived at the Australian as a part of their attempts of doing business in this very land. Way back in 1820, a large number of sealer and whalers came to the Australian shore purely with the intension of doing business in this country. However, the situation is not always the same for all the immigrants coming to this country. The majority of the Chinese and African Immigrants found this place to be highly safe for building up residences to stay. The people from the other parts of the world used to get attracted by the ample resources that the country has with which any hum an being can ensure his/her future sustainability. Dunstan (2003) opined that the way in which the immigration history of the country evolved through a number of phases, it will not be an exaggeration to say that the countrys present state is the result of the combined effort formulated both by the native and immigrant population of the country. The immigrant population of the country becomes an inseparable part of the Australian society and it is pretty difficult to draw a line of difference between the immigrant population and the original native population of the country (Schwarz, 2003). In order to trace the ways in which this immigrant population becomes an inseparable part of the Australian society, it is indeed necessary to gain a good grasp over the immigration history of the country. Immigration history of the country The immigration process of Australia can be divided in the following process. Back in the year 1820, temporary immigration took place in the country of Australia. On the other hand, in the year 1830, immigrants came and resided from New South Wales and United Kingdom. In 1840, United Kingdom contributed more to the list of immigrants. Year 1850 is of great importance as immigrants from United States, Denmark, Germany, etc came to contribute to the labour force. In the year 1880, Chinese immigrants added to the list of immigrants. From the year 1900- 1960, there was a great depression in the country that held the functions of the immigrants. However, from 1960 onwards immigration process started again with several updated policies (Press.anu.edu.au, 2015). The way in which the immigrant population becomes an inseparable part of the country can be successfully depicted by posing a look at the official figures of the Australian government in which the government tries to relate the originality of the Australian employees working in the public sector companies. From the figure mentioned in the appendix, it can be inferred that the immigrants of the country Australia is full of diversities. It can be further deduced that 1.3 percent of people comes from North America and the Middle East portion, 1.4 percent of people comes from America, 1.8 percent of the people comes from the Eastern Europe region. On the contrary, North-east Asia contributes 2.9 percent of the immigrants, while Oceania and Antarctic contributes 3.8 percent. The most of the contribution comes from Southern and Central Asia, South East Asia and UK and Ireland. They contribute 4 percent, 4.2 percent and 6.2 percent respectively. (Refer to Appendix) This further reflects that the country of Australia is full of diversities. The population of Australia comes from various parts of the whole world. This further shows the country is full of cultural diversities. Therefore, the country needs to take several steps to measure and manage the cultural diversities of the whole country. The labour force of the country forms the core of the country. Therefore, the country needs to take several steps to minimize the risk of diversities. Conclusion It is really necessary to understand that the Immigration Museum of Victoria successfully keeps track of the immigration history of the country in which the coming of the immigrants in the Australian nations are successfully depicted. The immigration museum is successful in keeping pace with the historical development of the country in which the immigrant population plays an important role. The museum has been successfully designed in such a way that each and every phase of the immigration history of the country can gain special mention. The way in which the Australian immigrants find their places in the Australian society has got special mention in the museum. In addition to this, the historical development of the Australian society reveals a special phase in which the immigration population plays a large role in maintaining the multicultural nature of the Australian society. There is little doubt that Immigration Museum will provide immense help to the social researchers by providi ng ample information about the immigration history of the country. Reference List Campbell, P. (2005). Cultural diversity in music education. [Bowen Hills, Qld.]: Australian Academic Press. Davies, C. (2005). Enacting cultural diversity through multicultural radio in Australia. Communications, 30(4). Dunstan, P. (2003). Cultural Diversity for Life: A Case Study From Australia. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), pp.64-76. Healey, J. (2005). Multiculturalism in Australia. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press. Museumvictoria.com.au, (2015). About Us: Immigration Museum. Press.anu.edu.au, (2015). Chapter5.Migration, social cohesion and cultural diversity. Schwarz, A. (2003). Modes of un Australianness and un Germanness: Contemporary debates on cultural diversity in Germany and Australia. Journal of Australian Studies, 27(80), pp.211-220. Taylor, T. (2001). Cultural Diversity and Leisure: Experiences of Women in Australia. Loisir et Socit, 24(2), p.535. Walsh, J. (2008). Navigating Globalization: Immigration Policy in Canada and Australia, 1945-2007 1. Sociological Forum, 23(4), pp.786-813. Wright, C. (2013). How Do States Implement Liberal Immigration Policies? Control Signals and Skilled Immigration Reform in Australia. Governance, 27(3), pp.397-421. Appendix

War On Drugs Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

War On Drugs Essay, Research Paper The Wonderful War on Drugs The Wonderful War On Drugs In recent old ages the alleged? war on drugs? has taken over the streets and back back streets of suburban America. It has caused a job that mirrors the prohibition yearss of the 1920? s and early 30? s. Politicians seeking to play? tough cat, ? are merely lending to more force. Their Torahs have created an belowground drug-trade, in which modern drug-dealers have taken the topographic point of the moonshiners of old. The existent inquiry is whether or non this? war? is working. Most people would wish to believe that it is, and there are a few statistics that show it has. But merely watch any intelligence plan, and you will see this war has failed miserably. Drug-related offenses go on invariably in today? s society, and in recent old ages have involved increasing Numberss of guiltless pass criterions. We will write a custom essay sample on War On Drugs Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Daily, constabulary officers face ruthless traders, who would instead hit at a bull than spend 25 old ages in prison. On top of all that, there has been no existent cogent evidence of a diminution in drug usage among people in America. Is this? war? truly the best reply to America? s widespread drug job? Should the authorities be allowed to pass one million millions yearly contending this hopeless war? Looking at this information you begin to recognize that, non merely does this? war? affect every individual in the U.S. , but it is besides a war with no victors. War is neer reasonably, and the war on drugs is no exclusion. For this? war? to work it must halt drugs in at least one of three countries. Either by halting drugs at the boundary line, halting drug traders at place, or forestalling drug usage within the state. Military and jurisprudence enforcement has failed to carry through any of these, and it is non because of limited financess. ? Last twelvemonth province and federal a uthoritiess spent $ 30 billion plus on the conflict against drugs? ( Anony71 ) . This hideous disbursement hasn? T made a dent in the modern drug-trade. Politicians are seeking to near the job with supply-side economic sciences. You try to barricade the supply to coerce the cost of difficult drugs up, pricing most users out of the market. It has non worked. ? Cocaine and diacetylmorphine monetary values have fallen greatly since the early 80? s, while strength and pureness tend to be lifting in these drugs? ( Anony71 ) . The statistics sing drug interdiction at the boundary line have proven halting drugs at the boundary line is an expensive failure. Joseph McNamara state? s? the authorities estimates that they seize merely 10 % of the drugs coming across the boundary line? ( 537 ) . Stoping the traders within our ain boundary lines hasn? T proved an easy undertaking either. With constabulary traveling after more common users traders are forced to vie more violently for fewer clients . Doctors in Detroit are stating that they? re? seeing fewer overdoses, but more drug related shots, stabbings, and assaults as traders fight amongst themselves? ( Torr39 ) . No existent lessening in drug usage among citizens has been seen as a consequence of constabulary action anyhow. Increasing Numberss of teens are turning to a life of drugs in America. ? Marijuana usage among teens has doubled in the last three old ages? , while at the same clip? Americans are passing $ 20 billion yearly on drug related medical costs? ( McCaffery4 ) . For this chiropteran tle to be fought, it must be proven as a cause worth contending for. Fencing off the full state, and thronging non-violent wrongdoers in already overcrowded prisons is non a smart manner for this conflict to be won. If you look closely it is apparent to see that prohibition has non worked in the yesteryear, and will most decidedly non work in the hereafter. Should the authorities truly be allowed to prosecute non-violent wrongdoers for consensual offenses committed in their ain place? You may hold heard the stating? history ever repeats itself, ? does America non retrieve what the result of intoxicant prohibition was. The outlawing of any controlled substance will merely convey rise to more violent criminal willing to put on the line life and limb for high net incomes. By doing drugs illegal, they are besides doing drug monetary values skyrocket. As Weir puts it? the War on Drugs makes narcotics a 100 times more expensive, than if they were to be purchased lawfully? ( 160 ) . This ad dition in monetary value causes hard-core users to perpetrate offenses more often to back up their wont. It besides increases inducement for those who are make bolding plenty to cover and smuggle illegal drugs. Another consequence of prohibition is more hard-core usage, or gorging on the illegal substance. Weir besides adds? as forms from prohibition show, doing a substance illegal merely consequences in a alteration from steady, moderate ingestion to gorge? ( 160 ) . Prohibition Torahs of the 1920? s merely brought about a immense, mafia controlled industry for intoxicant, while making nil to forestall imbibing among citizens. Making something illegal merely creates a tabu, which people will interrupt merely because they know its incorrect. By forbiding drugs more people are likely to experiment as a manner of arising against the system. Some people will state you that the War on Drugs has been a great success, wear? t allow them gull you. Almost weekly a athleticss star, film star , authorities functionary, or celebrated instrumentalist is exposed for drug usage. Travel to the films, bend on the telecasting or wireless, and you will see drugs are every bit much a portion of the American society as baseball and apple pie. Even Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich have admitted to experimenting with marihuanas. With drug maltreaters mounting higher on the ranks of society daily, it merely makes for a more bribable system. No affair how much is spent on ads and bar runs the drug job will neer be solved with prohibition. Teens merely see anti-drug commercials as a manner for the authorities to state them what to make. If the authorities believes it is winning the war on drugs, so where is the difficult cogent evidence? The drug job has merely adult worse in the 90? s. This war must be stopped instantly. Every twelvemonth more and more revenue enhancement money is wasted, with small or no consequences. I believe a government-controlled legalisation of drugs is the lone solution. Drugs would no longer be seen as a manner for teens to arise against authorization figures. The illegal drug-trade that controls today? s streets would be non-existent. A steady diminution in captivities would be seen, and violent drug-related would travel down besides. Let us set an terminal to America? s 2nd type of prohibition. Let us set an terminal to the? War on Drugs? . Bibliography crackhead times.

Salt Marshes essays

Salt Marshes essays Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killi ...

Biography of Anne Neville, Queen of Richard III

Biography of Anne Neville, Queen of Richard III Anne Neville (June 11, 1456- March 16, 1485) was first married to the young Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales and son of Henry VII, and later became the wife of Richard of Gloucester (Richard III) and thus Queen of England. She was a key figure, if more or less a pawn, in the Wars of the Roses. Fast Facts: Anne Neville Known For: Wife of Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI; wife of Richard of Gloucester; when Richard became King as Richard III, Anne became Queen of EnglandBorn: June 11, 1456 at Warwick Castle in London, EnglandParents: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and his wife Anne BeauchampDied: March 16, 1485 in London, EnglandSpouse(s): Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI (m. 1470–1471); Richard, Duke of Gloucester, later Richard III, brother of Edward IV (m. 1472- 1485)Children: Edward, Prince of Wales (c. 1473–1484) Early Life Anne Neville was born June 11, 1456, at Warwick Castle in London, England, and likely lived there and in other castles held by her family while she was a child. She did attend various formal celebrations, including the feast celebrating the marriage of Margaret of York in 1468.   Annes father  Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, was called the Kingmaker for his shifting and influential roles in the Wars of the Roses.  He was a nephew of the  Duke of Yorks  wife, Cecily Neville, mother of Edward IV and Richard III. He came into considerable property and wealth when he married  Anne Beauchamp. They had no sons, only two daughters, of whom Anne Neville was the younger, and Isabel (1451–1476) the elder.  These daughters would inherit a fortune, and thus their marriages were especially important in the royal marriage game. Anne as Goods for Alliances In 1460, Annes father  and his uncle, Edward, Duke of York and Earl of March, defeated Henry VI at Northampton. In 1461, Edward was proclaimed King of England as Edward IV. Edward married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464, surprising Warwick, who had plans for a more advantageous marriage for him. By 1469, Warwick had turned against Edward IV and the Yorkists and joined the Lancastrian cause promoting the return of Henry VI. Henrys queen, Margaret of Anjou, was heading the Lancastrian effort from France. Warwick married his older daughter, Isabel, to George, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Edward IV, while the parties were in Calais, France.  Clarence switched from the York to the Lancaster party. Edward, Prince of Wales The next year, Warwick, apparently to convince Margaret of Anjou that he was trustworthy (because he had originally sided with Edward IV in unseating Henry VI), married his daughter Anne to Henry VIs son and heir apparent, Edward of Westminster. The marriage was held in Bayeux in mid-December of 1470. Warwick, Edward of Westminster accompanied Queen Margaret as she and her army invaded England, Edward IV fled to Burgundy. Annes marriage to Edward of Westminster convinced Clarence that Warwick had no intention to promote his kingship. Clarence switched sides and rejoined his Yorkist brothers. York Victories, Lancastrian Losses On April 14, 1471 at the Battle of Barnet, the Yorkist party was victorious, and Annes father, Warwick, and a brother of Warwick, John Neville, were among those killed. Then on May 4, in the Battle of Tewkesbury, the Yorkists won another decisive victory over Margaret of Anjous forces, and Annes young husband, Edward of Westminster, was killed either during the battle or shortly after. With his heir dead, the Yorkists had Henry VI killed days later.  Edward IV, now victorious and restored, imprisoned Anne, widow of Edward of Westminster and no longer Princess of Wales.  Clarence took custody of Anne and her mother. Richard of Gloucester When siding with the Yorkists earlier, Warwick, in addition to marrying his older daughter, Isabel Neville, to George, Duke of Clarence, had been trying to marry his younger daughter Anne to Edward IVs youngest brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Anne and Richard were first cousins once removed, as were George and Isabel, all descended from Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort. (Joan was the legitimized daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Katherine Swynford.)   Clarence tried to prevent the marriage of his wifes sister to his brother. Edward IV also opposed the marriage of Anne and Richard.  Because  Warwick had no sons, his valuable lands and titles would go to his daughters husbands at his death. Clarences motivation likely was that he didnt want to divide his wifes inheritance with his brother. Clarence attempted to take Anne in as his ward in order to control her inheritance. But under circumstances that are not fully known to history, Anne escaped Clarences control and she took sanctuary at a church in London, probably with Richards organization. It took two acts of parliament to set aside the rights of Anne Beauchamp, mother of Anne and Isabel, and a cousin, George Neville, and to divide the estate between Anne Neville and Isabel Neville. Anne, who had been widowed in May of 1471, married Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of Edward IV, perhaps in March or July of 1472.  He then claimed Annes inheritance.  The date of their marriage is not certain, and there is no evidence of a papal dispensation for such close relatives to marry.  A son, Edward, was born in 1473 or 1476, and a second son, who did not live long, may have been born as well. Annes sister Isabel died in 1476, shortly after her birth of a short-lived fourth child. George, Duke of Clarence, was executed in 1478 for plotting against Edward IV; Isabel had died in 1476. Anne Neville took charge of raising the children of Isabel and Clarence.  Their daughter, Margaret Pole, was executed much later, in 1541, by Henry VIII. The Young Princes Edward IV died in 1483. On his death, his minor son Edward became Edward V. But the young prince was never crowned. He was put into the charge of his uncle, Annes husband, Richard of Gloucester, as Protector. Prince Edward and, later, his younger brother were taken to the Tower of London, where they disappeared from history. Its presumed that they were killed, although its not clear when. Stories have long circulated that Richard III was responsible for the deaths of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower, to remove rival claimants for the crown. Henry VII, Richards successor, also had motive and, if the princes survived Richards reign, would have had the opportunity to have them killed. A few have pointed at Anne Neville herself as having the motivation to order the deaths. Heirs to the Throne While the princes were still being held under Richards control. Richard had his brothers marriage to Elizabeth Woodville declared invalid and his brothers children declared illegitimate on June 25, 1483, thereby inheriting the crown himself as the legitimate male heir. Anne was crowned as Queen and their son Edward was made Prince of Wales. But Edward died on April 9, 1484; Richard adopted Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of his sister, as his heir, probably at Annes request. Anne may have been unable to bear another child due to her ill health. Annes Death Anne, who reportedly was never very healthy, fell ill in early 1485 and died on March 16. Buried in Westminster Abbey, her grave was unmarked until 1960. Richard quickly named a different heir to the throne, his sister Elizabeths adult son, the Earl of Lincoln. With Annes death, Richard was rumored to be plotting to marry his niece, Elizabeth of York, to secure a stronger claim to the succession. Stories soon circulated that Richard had poisoned Anne to get her out of the way. If that was his plan, he was foiled. Richard IIIs reign ended on August 22, 1485, when he was defeated by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry was crowned Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, bringing to an end the Wars of the Roses. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of Annes sister and Richards brother whom Richard adopted as heir, was imprisoned in the Tower of London by Richards successor, Henry VII, and executed after he attempted to escape in 1499. Annes possessions included a book of the  Visions of St. Matilda  which she had signed as Anne Warrewyk. Fictional Representations Shakespeare: In Richard III, Anne appears early in the play with the body of her father-in-law, Henry VI; she blames Richard for his death and that of her husband, the Prince of Wales, son on Henry VI. Richard charms Anne, and, though she also loathes him, she marries him. Richard early reveals that he does not intend to keep her long, and Anne is suspicious that he intends to kill her. She conveniently disappears as Richard begins a plan to marry his niece, Elizabeth of York. Shakespeare takes considerable creative license with history in his story of Anne. The time of the play is much compressed, and motives are likely also exaggerated or changed for literary effect. In the historical timeline, Henry VI and his son, Annes first husband, were killed in 1471; Anne married Richard in 1472; Richard III took power in 1483 soon after his brother, Edward IV, died suddenly, and Richard ruled for two years, dying in 1485. The White Queen: Anne Neville was a major character in the 2013 miniseries The White Queen, which was based on the novel of the same name (2009) by Philippa Gregory. Recent fictional representation: Anne was the subject of  The Rose of York: Love War by Sandra Worth, a 2003 work of historical fiction. Another Anne Neville A much later Anne Neville (1606–1689) was a daughter of Sir Henry Neville and Lady Mary Sackville.  Her mother, a Catholic, influenced her to join the Benedictines. She was abbess at Pointoise. Sources Gregory, Phillippa. The White Queen: A Novel. New York: Touchstone, 2009.  Hicks, Michael. Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III. Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2011.  Licence, Amy. Anne Neville: Richard IIIs Tragic Queen. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2013.

Criminal Justice 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Criminal Justice 1 - Essay Example A delicate balancing act of this high speed pursuit is necessary because a lot is usually at stake. On one hand is the police wanting to prevent fleeing criminals from the authority and from facing their criminal charges and on the other hand is the fact that these high speed chases put many individuals at risk as mentioned earlier (Stevens, 2011). Police teach people to be law abiding and face up to their crimes but not flee from the law. This therefore necessitates them to engage fleeing criminals in high speed vehicular pursuits. Failure to engage them may lead to other fleeing criminals following suit and fleeing in high speed after committing crimes because they know the police will not pursue them. This will decrease the apprehension rate while at the same time encouraging more criminal activities that end up in the criminals fleeing at high speed from the crime scene and maybe even from the country. The other balance needed is to ensure that innocent citizens that are caught up in this vehicular pursuit are not in any way harmed. This also includes ensuring safety measures for those police officers involved directly in the high speed pursuit. Some of the measures the police have to put are preventative by educating the public about the potential risks of being caught up in such a pursuit and what they are expected to do immediately they realize that such a pursuit is ongoing. This may however not prove to be easy because most people do not realize about the high-speed chase until it is too late for them to prevent accidents and even shoot-outs from the criminals or the police. Some people also do not seem to think that this involves them or is their problem in any way and hence put themselves and others at risk (Peak, 2012). The cost of the pursuit is also an issue of debate in the balancing act. The costs involved include the traffic that will snarl up as a result of the chase and

The Effects of Media on Juveniles in Today's Society Research Paper

The Effects of Media on Juveniles in Today's Society - Research Paper Example In this regard, the current essay aims to explore the effects of media on juveniles in contemporary society. The term media is explicitly defined as â€Å"communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet† (Business Dictionary, 2012). Due to the expansive channels within which various kinds of information, promotions, public announcements, campaigns and propaganda available, it is inevitable that people from all age groups could be influenced by them. However, due to the nature of juveniles’ development stage where curiosity and the need to explore is predominantly manifested, media provides significant effects both on the positive and negative side on juveniles in today’s society. According to Clay (2003), â€Å"no electronic mediums effects are all good or all bad; its the content that makes all the difference† (p. 40). Television, for example, has been widely researched in terms of its negative impact on children’s development. The Media Awareness Network (2010) has noted that â€Å"how much impact TV has on children depends on many factors: how much they watch, their age and personality, whether they watch alone or with adults, and whether their parents talk with them about what they see on TV† (par. 2). The impact of television ranges from exposure to violence that increases preponderance to aggressive behavior; decreased learning performance due to excessive watching; contributory factor to obesity due to lack of time spent for physical activities; and exposure to sexual content (Media Awareness Network, 2010). On the other hand, the most prolific medium used by juveniles today, the internet through social networking sites provide the following effects: increased tendencies for Internet

Computer Crime Essay Essay Example for Free

Computer Crime Essay Essay Computer crime is an ongoing issue that we continuously see, and a major problem with this is that most people do not realize the harm that computer crime can cause. Computer crime is also a niche that continues to grow. This is based on the fact that there are many different perceptions about what computer crime is, and the harmful effects it can have. Because there is a gap between traditional views of what cyber crime is and the actual realities of these crimes, it is a criminal offense that will continue to happen. A major issue within this industry is the fact that citizens, law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and the government don’t put cyber crime at the top of their list of dangerous crimes is because the actual act of computer crime is not in itself viewed as being dangerous. This is a traditional view of computer crime, and the book goes on to explain that, â€Å"many [stereotypical] computer criminals are non-threatening, socially challenged individuals, and 36.3% of officers believe that investigation of computer crime interferes with their ability to concentrate on ‘traditional’ crimes† (Britz, 7). Because police tend to not look too seriously at these crimes, the general public will form their own, similar opinions on the matter. This gives people an inaccurate belief about the effects of cyber crime. In fact, computer crime can and many times is violent today. One area of computer crime that has become particularly dangerous, especially for younger generations is cyber bullying. In recent years, we have seen more and more suicides related to cyber bullying then ever before. An example of this can be seen in the case of the United States v. Lori Drew. Lori was an older woman who pretended to be a teenaged boy and began to talk and soon after started an online relationship with a 14-year-old girl. The girl eventually began to fall for the fake 16-year-old boy that Lori Drew created. After a series of conversations, their â€Å"relationship† ended with a message from Drew telling the girl that nobody actually liked her and she should instead kill herself. Unfortunately, the 14-year-old girl, being highly impressionable and because of her feelings for this fake teenage boy, took the advice and ended up killing herself. A big issue we have seen with lawmakers imposing laws to prevent cyber crime is that, it is  such an advanced form of crime that many times it is unclear if there was an actual crime committed and if so where/when it happened. In past situations, â€Å"legislative bodies and judicial authorities have been slow to respond† (Britz, 5). This slow response allows for those committing crimes in cyber space to avoid punishment and lets these criminals continue their illegal operations. Another problem within this criminal sector is the gray area between, â€Å"someone who accesses information without authorization and someone who is actually committing an act in cyberspace meant to harm someone or destroy property† (Webster). Another traditional view when it comes to cyber crime that is probably the most commonly thought, is that â€Å"it would never happen to me†. The average American does not think that they could be a computer criminal’s targets. These people believe that because they aren’t millionaires and instead an average income American, cyber criminals won’t go after them. This unfortunately is not the case, and because these people aren’t taking the proper steps to protect themselves, they are becoming easier to target. In 2004, 54 million Americans were subject to email attacks by â€Å"phishers† looking to steal financial information from people. Roughly 4% of these 54 million people gave away their financials including credit card numbers, addresses, phone numbers, etc—that is almost 1.7 million people! In the year 2003, 1.2 billion dollars were generated in cyber attacks on average Americans. But computer criminals are not just using this phishing approach to steal information and money. They are practicing using key logging and spyware to steal passwords and other private information that can allow these people to go unnoticed while spending your money. Despite the fact that we see more and more security be put in place to avoid these issues, it continues to happen because so many people in our society believe it will not happen to them. But what is instead happening, is more of these average people are being targeted because they are essentially making it easier for these criminals to steal their personal information. While these criminals certainly could steal more money from millionaires, going after these more average Americans is easier and safer (Wilson). With how technology dependent our society has become, we see more and more  hacking crimes today. There even exist groups out there that have members from all over the world that collectively hack different websites. For example, Anonymous is probably the most well known hacking collective in the world. Parmy Olson’s book We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World, she discusses the history of the group and the attacks that they have done. This group would like us to believe that they are an activist group that seeks freedom for all people, but has hacked financial institutions such as PayPal, MasterCard and Visa. They want us to believe that they are freedom fighters and simply believe in an unregulated Internet, but they tend to go after websites and companies that simply disagree with their message. It is kind of a double-edged sword, because while they are preaching about freedom of speech, they then in turn go after people who disagree with their message. Olson even discusses the fact that the group went after her because of the books she was writing about this organization. People are definitely becoming more aware of the dangers of computer crime, many Americans still do not see the detrimental effects that cyber crime can have on society. These people that are blinded by traditional views of computer crime, have become the target of attacks. Their lack of preparations have allowed cyber criminals to go after them and gain money through their computer skills. Works Cited Britz, M. T. (2013). Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime and Introduction (3rd ed., Vol. 3). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Olson, Parmy. We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency. New York: Little, Brown and Company, . United States v. Lori Drew. (Feb. 2008): California . 2 Jul. 2012. news.findlaw.com/wp/docs/cyberlaw/usdrew51508ind.pdf. Webster, S. C. (2013, June 20). Lawmakers Propose Cyber Crime Reforms. Retrieved from Raw Story website: http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/06/20/lawmakers-propose-cyber-crime-reforms-inspired-by-aaron-swartz/ Wilson, T. (n.d.). How Phishing Works. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from How Stuff Works website: http://www.howstuffworks.com/phishing.htm

Hamlet the Play and the Movie Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Compare Cont

Hamlet the Play and the Movie Hamlet by William Shakespeare is a story about a king that was murdered by his brother and the prince has been asked by his father?s ghost to avenge his murder. The original story line has been altered a few times since it has been written. The original Hamlet the play and the altered Hamlet the movie are shown differently in many different ways. Hamlet the movie with Mel Gibson shows different things than the play, but there are three major differences between the two. The three major differences are in the way both of the productions start out, differences in the scene that the players put on a play, and differences in the way the productions end. The first difference is in the way the play and the movie begins. The play starts out with guards standing guard at the castle with Horatio, Hamlet?s friend. The guards and Horatio are waiting for the ghost of Old Hamlet to arrive so they can find out why he is there. The ghost does arrive twice but does not speak. The scene ends with the guards and Horatio discussing that they should get Hamlet to try to speak to the ghost. Hamlet the movie starts out differently. It starts out with the funeral for King Hamlet with Gertrude standing beside the coffin. Hamlet sprinkles dust over his father?s dead body. The coffin is then covered and Claudius, Old Hamlet?s brother, places his sword over the coffin and Gertrude cries. The second difference is the way the scene is with the player?s putting o...

Stay at Home Mom

â€Å"Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, â€Å"She doesn't have what it takes. †Ã‚   They will say, â€Å"Women don't have what it takes. †Ã‚  Being a stay at home mother has its benefits but it most definitely has its flaws. In the old days women had no choice but to stay at home; cooking, cleaning, making sure dinner was ready on time. They had no say if they wanted to work or finish school. Just imagine living day to day in the same routine. Visualize waking up at 6:30 am making the beds, then breakfast and that kiss goodbye before he went to work.At first this must feel amazing spending all this time with your child bonding and not missing a moment. But where’s your me time? 4 out of 5 mothers are happier when they work. They can have adult conversations and take a sick day. Being a stay at home mom is a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week job with no pay. What woman wants to feel financially dependent of her spouse? â€Å"I see my husband once a week. But since he is making the bulk of the income, I can't really be resentful about that. At the same time, I feel like we have two separate lives. † In this day and age budgets are tighter than usual. Why add on to your stress with bills and payments.It’s true that you might miss out on your child’s first word or first steps but absence makes the heart grow fonder. You can’t be a stay at home mom forever. What will you do with your free time when your child starts school? In most cases the child grows too attached to their mom and doesn’t have enough communication skills to share with other kids. Daycare has evolved because you can go to work and your child learns how to play others. Children become more independent and self-reliant when they don't have you there to do everything for them, which is better for both of you in the long run.You lose a lot of your freedom because your child has to go everywhere with you even the bathroom. When you need time to cook or just take a breather who’s to say you won’t just place your child in front of the TV for an hour. Women fought for the opportunity to be as equal as men especially in the job area. We are not less of a mother for thinking of ourselves a little. This shows your child to be strong and independent. Your child will grow attached to you but you will also be more attached to your child. What happens when college comes along and your baby is leaving you. What will you do with all that time, Knit, bake, read.You’ll go mad and feel abandoned. You won’t have the skills you did when you were working. Not to say that one is easier than the other they both take a lot of effort. After you work you’ll be exhausted and trying to find time for your kid and husband. You will feel pressured to make the time you do have with your kid’s quality time, so you can actually overwhelm them. As a stay at home mom you w ill have time to clean and more time with friends and family. But overall the extra effort is worth it. Woman will feel more accomplished in their life’s and have a sense of purpose.

Importance of Art Education during Childhood Essay

Since more than two decades researchers have been discovering affirmative relationships between arts education and cognitive improvement in children. Gardner (1983) has claimed an affirmative relationship between arts and intellectual (Clark & Zimmerman, 2004). There are multiple advantages of arts education that range from the improvement of vocabulary and math competence, to the improvement of spatial reasoning. Today arts education is given much more importance than previously, when it was thought to be a lot of fluff. Art is not simply an extra subject in education; it is necessary to learning. When students learn about the visual arts, they get a view of the rich and fascinating world around them. This teaches them theirs as well as others history and customs. Art leads to a cultivation of expressiveness, imagination and originality along with critical thinking and analytical competence. It has been stated by the art educators that children as young as three years of age consistently use their imagination in different ways (Golbeck, 2001). The children studying about art expand their capabilities to consider meanings and to make assessments and decisions. Through comprehending and creating art, a student can learn how to work collaboratively with others and also how to put in effort to attain an objective. Also, art education helps in making a major contribution to the enhancement of the child’s capabilities to tackle with the abundance of visual indications obtainable to him and to comprehend and utilise these visual indications (Anway & McDonald, 1971). The enhancement of such competencies and qualities allows for making children better learners along with helping them to feel good; that is, it creates self-worth. It is a world where concepts and data are usually conveyed visually, and the children are required to learn the way they can consider and ascertain the sense of the pictures and also how they can use them so as to convey their own concepts. These talents and qualities are considered essential for individual success as well as America’s improvement.   In spite of this several schools have reduced their budget in art programs since the last decade and this has resulted in some schools providing with almost no art education (Prentice, 2000). These schools are not offering their students with the chance to improve their talents that are so essential if they are to succeed in a competitive fiscal setting in such an ethnically varied, visually adjusted world. Teaching Art Enid and Laura Zimmerman say that there are three standpoints of art teaching that have affected art education for youngsters since the last five decades. The first point is that a child’s piece of art is an expression of the natural internal procedures of improvement. The second point is established on a cognitive improvement attitude, and it concentrates on children’s building of general knowledge concerning the world. The third point is that art education leads to a promotion of self-improvement in order to allow the children to absorb themselves relative to the community they live in. According to Gardner (1980) when adults offer the youngsters with the kit, materials and support, their natural art capabilities develop. The adults should not be directly interfering with the children so as to develop their natural capabilities (Schaffer-Simmern, 1948). Infants and preschool children rather prefer to explore colors, feel and type of materials and express thoughts, concepts and insights. These are fine objectives for them. They value the procedure more than the end result. After completion of the work by a child, the teacher or parent should talk to him about it instead of simply praising him. This allows for learning more about the artwork and how the child thinks. Also, the instructor can put down points on paper and, if the child allows, fix it to the child’s work. Plus, the artwork should be dated. That allows the instructor to keep a track of the youngster’s improvement. Visual arts can be a source of advantage to children of all ages. From a kid’s first rate motor skill development to a teen’s expressive enhancement, the arts can prove to be a much efficient training and managing means. A person does not have to be absolutely knowledgeable on each and every procedure or have to purchase extremely costly equipment in order to bring in the arts to a kid’s life. Straightforward product selection and child focused examination can direct initial creative attempts. Children’s Motivational Beliefs about Art Art classrooms offer with distinct motivational tests. Even though kids usually take pleasure in the hands-on exercises which are part of most of the curriculum and they without reluctance involve themselves in the delegated projects, it is quite often hard to get them to put in all their efforts, to make their â€Å"hurried production† more detailed and improved. Many a times young students are overheard talking about who is good at art and who is not, which is mostly themselves. Usually with age kids become pessimistic concerning their art capability (Flannery & Watson, 1991; Gardner & Rosenstiel, 1977). The necessity of motivation in order to maintain children’s interest in art is accentuated by the usual weakening in self-esteem and interest in art which the kids start displaying during middle childhood. This weakening is linked with the children’s idea that their production should fulfil the principles of traditional practicality and that they do not possess the abilities of accomplishing this (Flannery & Watson, 1991). Nevertheless, comparable deteriorations in self-assessments of capabilities are commonly perceived in various subjects (Stipek & Maclver, 1989), and also the progressive weakening of student’s encouragement as they advance through school. In goal theory the advice is implied that teachers motivate students to follow individual imaginations of mastery more willingly than to work to impress outside assessors. This is a problem for regions like visual art where students should bear in mind the ultimate receiving of their performance (imaginative production) by an audience even as they try to focus on self-enhancement and mastery. This matter poses a problem to the art teachers who should make every day choices concerning the degree to which they will try to motivate students by emphasizing grades and the chance for exhibit of work. Art teachers are also caught up with the fact about whether art contests raise children’s concentration on spirited performance to the disadvantage of their assignment involvement and ability improvement. Parents and Art Education Parents can help their children in art education and not just rely on the institutions. They can encourage the children’s involvement in art when at home which can be done by encouraging art programs in the nearby society and also by assisting in making a decision as to how the school can teach the art. Parents can also turn out to be important speakers for developing art programs at schools. Parents can work along with the school staff, with the members of art societies, and also with other people. In this way they can ensure that art is being given a significant position in their children’s education plus in the society. There can be PTA meetings held that would emphasize on the importance of art education. In this way parent awareness concerning art education will be built. A very significant step that parents, and even rest of the people, can take is to back up education leaders and officers so as to sponsor the addition of art education in the syllabus. Every person can lead to a difference if he contacts these persons.

Aqueous Solution Chemical Reaction Problem

Aqueous Solution Chemical Reaction Problem This worked chemistry example problem demonstrates how to determine the amount of reactants needed to complete a reaction in an aqueous solution. Problem For the reaction:Zn(s) 2H(aq) → Zn2(aq) H2(g)a. Determine the number of moles H that are required to form 1.22 mol H2.b. Determine the mass in grams of Zn that is required to form 0.621 mol of H2 Solution Part A: You may wish to review the types of reactions that occur in water and the rules that apply to balancing aqueous solution equations. Once you have set them up, balanced equations for reactions in aqueous solutions work in exactly the same way as other balanced equations. The coefficients signify the relative number of moles of substances participating in the reaction.From the balanced equation, you can see that 2 mol H is used for every 1 mol H2.If we use this as a conversion factor, then for 1.22 mol H2:moles H 1.22 mol H2 x 2 mol H / 1 mol H2moles H 2.44 mol HPart B: Similarly, 1 mol Zn is required for 1 mol H2.To work this problem, you need to know how many grams are in 1 mol of Zn. Look up the atomic mass for the zinc from the Periodic Table. The atomic mass of zinc is 65.38, so there are 65.38 g in 1 mol Zn.Plugging in these values gives us:mass Zn 0.621 mol H2 x 1 mol Zn / 1 mol H2 x 65.38 g Zn / 1 mol Znmass Zn 40.6 g Zn Answer a. 2.44 mol of H is required to form 1.22 mol H2.b. 40.6 g Zn is required to form 0.621 mol of H2

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Dates: June 9, 1836 - December 17, 1917 Occupation: Physician Known for: first woman to successfully complete the medical qualifying exams in Great Britain; first woman physician in Great Britain; advocate of womens suffrage and womens opportunities in higher education; first woman in England elected as mayor Also known as: Elizabeth Garrett Connections: Sister of Millicent Garrett Fawcett, British suffragist known for her constitutional approach as contrasted to the radicalism of the Pankhursts; also a friend of Emily Davies About Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was one of ten children. Her father was both a comfortable businessman and a political radical. In 1859, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson heard a lecture by Elizabeth Blackwell on Medicine as a Profession for Ladies. After she overcame her fathers opposition and gaining his support, she entered medical training as a surgical nurse. She was the only woman in the class, and was banned from full participation in the operating room. When she came out first in the exams, her fellow students had her banned from lectures. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson then applied to, but was rejected by, many medical schools. She finally was admitted this time, for private study for an apothecary license. She had to fight a few more battles to be allowed to actually take the exam and get a license. The reaction of the Society of Apothecaries was to amend their regulations so no more women could be licensed. Now licensed, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson opened a dispensary in London for women and children in 1866. In 1872 it became the New Hospital for Women and Children, the only teaching hospital in Britain to offer courses for women. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson learned French so that she could apply for a medical degree from the faculty of the Sorbonne, Paris. She was granted that degree in 1870. She became the first woman in Britain to be appointed to a medical post in that same year. Also in 1870, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and her friend Emily Davies both stood for election to the London School Board, an office newly opened to women. Andersons was the highest vote among all the candidates. She married in 1871. James Skelton Anderson was a merchant, and they had two children. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson weighed in on a medical controversy in the 1870s. She opposed those who argued that higher education resulted in overwork and thus reduced womens reproductive capacity, and that menstruation made women to weak for higher education. Instead, Anderson argued that exercise was good for womens bodies and minds. In 1873, the British Medical Association admitted Anderson, where she was the only woman member for 19 years. In 1874, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson became a lecturer at the London School for Medicine for Women, which was founded by Sophia Jex-Blake. Anderson stayed on as dean of the school from 1883 to 1903. In about 1893, Anderson contributed to the founding of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, with several others including M. Carey Thomas. The women contributed the funds for the medical school on the condition that the school admit women. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was also active in the womens suffrage movement. In 1866, Anderson and Davies presented petitions signed by more than 1,500 asking that women heads of household be given the vote. She was not as active as her sister, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, though Anderson became a member of the Central Committee of the National Society for Womens Suffrage in 1889. After her husbands death in 1907, she became more active. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was elected mayor of Aldeburgh in 1908. She gave speeches for suffrage, before the increasing militant activity in the movement led to her withdrawal. Her daughter Louisa also a physician was more active and more militant, spending time in prison in 1912 for her suffrage activities. The New Hospital was renamed the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital in 1918 after her death in 1917. It is now part of the University of London.

American Political Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Political Thought - Essay Example Ever since Cain killed Abel, it became necessary to protect future Abels, and to restrain the Cains. And after the concept of private property became established, it became crucial to protect that as well. Thus was born the 'state'. The government is the manifest spirit of the state - constituted by a group of people who represent it. The legitimacy of the state and its government is thus based on the interests of the people it serves; and this dictum holds true for even the most autocratic state governed by the most despotic of rulers. Is the role of the government, one of mere maintenance - of peace and security, and private property, or should it concern itself with much more than that Let us examine this question, with reference, primarily, to the views of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) a naturalist and 'philosopher cum political theorist' (perhaps the term reminds us of the Platonic, 'Philosopher-King Though Thoreau himself would have been quite appalled to have himself be compared to any 'king', despite the addition of the title 'philosopher'!) Thoreau's views on the state, which are set down in his work Civil Disobedience, influenced not only Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, but also those who struggled for the abolition of apartheid in South Africa, and more recently into the '70's and till today - those (especially in America) who have taken an ethical stand against war. Thoreau unequivocally rejected the right of the state to impose taxes, and stated that "that government is best which governs the least" (website thinkexist.com) The immediate reason for Thoreau's writing, summarily rejecting the authority of the state was on account of his being imprisoned (this was only for a day, as he was bailed out by his family, much to his discomfiture!). He had refused to pay a poll tax, and his refusal was a deliberate act of defiance, as he stated that the government had no right to tax him. He declared that it was against his conscience to pay taxes to a government, which indulged in acts he did not approve of. Although the government, especially in a democracy, represented the voice of the people, Thoreau stated that it also stood for the interests of elite politicians, which he was in no way ready to support. He went to the extent of arguing that even if the government did right, and followed the will of the majority, those who chose to disagree with the majority also had their right to not follow the diktats of this majority as expressed through the government; they (the minority) should be permitted to live on their own, unconnected with the state. (McElroy) He was, in fact, recommending a situation of peaceful and constructive anarchy, where each individual could choose to dwell within or without the 'confines' (in the abstract and not a physical sense) of the state, as he pleased. What did Thoreau find so repugnant with the government of his day He objected to the government's support and continuance of slavery and also the Mexican-American war. Thoreau wrote his Civil Disobedience roughly fifteen years before slavery was abolished in the US, and the debate over its abolition was just gaining momentum. Apart from this, the government had embarked on a policy of expansion, based on a common perception that it was the "Manifest Destiny" (McElroy) of America to expand and bring under control the native populations. In this process, Texas was annexed, and this led to a

A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations Essay

A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations - Essay Example The literature review builds up the idea that will lead to searching for the importance of finding which stalkers are more likely to provide important information regarding how clinicians might deal with perpetrators and victims. In other words, the literature review establishes the idea that will link stalking to the creation or formulation of violence in the long run. Aside from the idea of understanding its psychological implications and other relevant-linked ideas, stalking has been viewed a very important concept that calls for more meaningful understanding because of its associated perceived violence. In general, the literature review is therefore establishing the point that will allow the readers to understand the prevailing ideas or research studies that might help them link stalking to the actual creation of violence. In other words, it is much convenient to say that the literature review tries to collect the relevant point of views that might pave the way for showcasing the actual problem statement of the study. The research study’s problem statement is about finding an estimate that will lead to knowing which stalkers are likely to persist longest as this is important to clinicians dealing with both perpetrators and victims. ... Stalking as already stated is associated with violence. This means that understanding things concerning stalking is just a way of being acquainted more to things about its perceived violence. Not everyone who stalks might be harmful or will result to emancipate violence at some point. That is why it is necessary to understand the characteristics of stalkers and their behavior that might be associated with increased persistence. Increased persistence might be viewed to have significant association with violence. For this reason, there is a point of conducting this research study as far as knowing what eventually will lead to violence in the context of stalking is concerned. Violence has been a long-standing problem in the society and a great area of concern within the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is always trying to improve or find some effective means in order to deal this matter effectively. Stalking together with the characteristics of the stalkers is anothe r important issue for consideration, as far as enhancing the justice system remains as a certain goal that requires more effective scientific approach at some certain point. Qualitative data were generated from the target respondents who were patients with stalking offense. These data were acquired based on the authors’ evaluation and therefore will eventually be categorized under the level of subjective judgment. The data were collected from 180 out of the 200 stalkers in the sample. The referral information and police report as collateral information was gathered from the records of the target respondents. Psychological tests and evaluations were further initiated among the respondents in order to record probable manifestations of mental disorder, and other relevant

Use a variety of accounting theories to respond to Adams (2002) Essay

Use a variety of accounting theories to respond to Adams (2002) statement - Essay Example The corporations need to reform their reporting systems to include all aspects of operation in this era when the global economy is undergoing widespread reforms. The fundamental aim of this paper is analyzing the statement by Adam’s (2002) based on the theories of corporate social responsibility. According to the political theory, organisations have power to analyse the environment and participate in corporate social responsibility. Power is the ability to influence and control behaviour of a certain group of people. Thus, organisations have the political power to influence the aspects of social and environmental concern. Rendtorff (2009) classifies the political theory into two categories: these are corporate citizenship and corporate constitutionalism. Corporate citizenship is founded on the need of firms performing their responsibility to the environment. Corporations are referred to as legal persons (Deegan & Rankin, 1996); hence, they are considered independent individuals who ought to be responsible of their actions on the environment. Demonstrating of corporate accountability is achieved by making publications and reports discussing and analysing their contributions to the community’s wellbeing. Failure to report to the community leads to negative public view a nd lack of credibility of an organisation. The primary aim of constitutions in firms is to create and entrench power. A corporate constitution, thus, governs choices incorporated in the state law and the certificate of incorporation. According to Mahoney, Thorne, Cecil and LaGore (2013), the decision to assign powers to directors over decisions is the choice of governance structures. If directors fail to effectively and responsibly use the powers endowed to them, the community can take away the power and give it to responsible parties (Orlitzky & Swanson, 2008). The community can take away the power by cutting partnerships with them, legal actions, avoiding buying

Applications Of Electrostatics Analysis Engineering Essay

Applications Of Electrostatics Analysis Engineering Essay The practical application of electrostatics is represented by such devices as lightning rods and electrostatic precipitators and by such processes as xerography and the painting of automobiles. Scientific devices based on the principles of electrostatics include electrostatic generators, the field-ion microscope, and ion-drive rocket engines. There are many applications of electrostatics:- 1).Van de graff generator. 2).The electrostatic precipitator. 3).Xerography and Laser Printers. 4).Electron Gun for 6-18 GHz,20 W Helix-TWT Amplifier. 5).CST particle studio simulation of a Depressed Collector. 6).Electrostatic Simulation of a medical X-Ray device. 7).Electrostatic Simulation of a High Voltage Bushing. 8).MEMS Comb Sensor. 9).Consistent charged Particle Simulation of a Pierce Gun. The brief explanation of above applications is given below:- The Van de Graaff Generator Experimental results show that when a charged conductor is placed in contact with the inside of a hollow conductor, all of the charge on the charged conductor is transferred to the hollow conductor. In principle, the charge on the hollow conductor and its electric potential can be increased without limit by repetition of the process. In 1929 Robert J. Van de Graaff (1901-1967) used this principle to design and build an electrostatic generator. This type of generator is used extensively in nuclear physics research. A schematic representation of the generator. Charge is delivered continuously to a high-potential electrode by means of a moving belt of insulating material. The high-voltage electrode is a hollow metal dome mounted on an insulating column. The belt is charged at point A by means of a corona discharge between comb-like metallic needles and a grounded grid. The needles are maintained at a positive electric potential of typically 104 V. The positive charge on the moving belt is transferred to the dome by a second comb of needles at point B. Because the electric field inside the dome is negligible, the positive charge on the belt is easily transferred to the conductor regardless of its potential. In practice, it is possible to increase the electric potential of the dome until electrical discharge occurs through th Because the breakdown electric field in air is about 3000000 V/m, a negatively charged oil droplet in sphere 1 m in radius can be raised to a maximum potential of 3 % 106 V. T he potential can be increased further by increasing the radius of the dome and by placing the entire system in a container filled with high-pressure gas. Van de Graaff generators can produce potential differences as large as 20 million volts. Protons accelerated through such large potential differences receive enough energy to initiate nuclear reactions between themselves and various target nuclei. Smaller generators are often seen in science classrooms and museums. If a person insulated from the ground touches the sphere of a Van de Graaff generator, his or her body can be brought to a high electric potential. The person hair acquires a net positive charge, and each strand is repelled by all the others. Van De Graaff Generator The Electrostatic Precipitator One important application of electrical discharge in gases is the electrostatic precipitator. This device removes particulate matter from combustion gases, thereby reducing air pollution. Precipitators are especially useful in coal-burning power plants and in industrial operations that generate large quantities of smoke. Current systems are able to eliminate more than 99% of the ash from smoke. A high potential difference (typically 40 to 100 kV) is maintained between a wire running down the center of a duct and the walls of the duct, which are grounded. The wire is maintained at a negative electric potential with respect to the walls, so the electric field is directed toward the wire. The values of the field near the wire become high enough to cause a corona discharge around the wire; the air near the wire contains positive ions, electrons, and such negative ions as oxide ions. The air to be cleaned enters the duct and moves near the wire. As the electrons and negative ions created by the discharge are accelerated toward the outer wall by the electric field, the dirt particles in the air become charged by collisions and ion capture. Because most of the charged dirt particles are negative, they too are drawn to the duct walls by the electric field. When the duct is periodically shaken, the particles break loose and are collected at the bottom. In addition to reducing the level of particulate matter in the atmosphere the electrostatic precipitator recovers valuable materials in the form of metal oxides. Electrostatic Precipitator Xerography and Laser Printers The basic idea of xerography5 was developed by Chester Carlson, who was granted a patent for the xerographic process in 1940. The unique feature of this process is the use of a photoconductive material to form an image. (A photoconductor is a material that is a poor electrical conductor in the dark but becomes a good electrical conductor when exposed to light.) The xerographic process is illustrated in Figure 25.31a to d. First, the surface of a plate or drum that has been coated with a thin film of photoconductive material (usually selenium or some compound of selenium) is given a positive electrostatic charge in the dark. An image of the page to be copied is then focused by a lens onto the charged surface. The photoconducting surface becomes conducting only in areas where light strikes it. In these areas, the light produces charge carriers in the photoconductor that move the positive charge off the drum. However, positive charges remain on those areas of the photoconductor not exposed to light, leaving a latent image of the object in the form of a positive surface charge distribution. Next, a negatively charged powder called a toner is dusted onto the photoconducting surface. The charged powder adheres only to those areas of the surface that contain the positively charged image. At this point, the image becomes visible. The toner (and hence the image) is then transferred to the surface of a sheet of positively charged paper. Finally, the toner is fixed to the surface of the paper as the toner melts while passing through high-temperature rollers. This results in a permanent copy of the original. A laser printer operates by the same principle, with the exception that a computer-directed laser beam is used to illuminate the photoconductor instead of a lens. Xerography Laser Printer ELECTRON GUN FOR 6-18GHz,20 W Helix-TWT Amplifier Electron guns are the starting point of every charged particle application. There the DC energy is translated into an extracted beam which later on interacts with all kinds of RF structures. The design and analysis of an electron gun can be performed with the tracking code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO. Schematic of an electron tube The electron gun has to provide the slow wave structure with a beam, which then interacts with the electromagnetic wave existing in the structure and finally is  collected in the collector. In order to enable the interaction, the particles velocity has to match the EM-waves velocity on the circuit. The necessary velocity determines the voltage to be applied. The electron gun then has to be designed in a way, that the emitted current is maximized. The relevant parts for the Electrostatic (Es) simulation are the cathode, focussing electrode and anode  (left). Important for the Magnetostatic (Ms) simulation are the iron yoke and permanent magnets. The potentials and permanent magnets serve as sources for the Es and Ms solver of CST EMS (here run from CST PS) respectively. The iron yoke is considered as non linear material, where the working point is obtained by a non linear iteration scheme in the  Ms solver.   CST PARTICLE STUDIOHYPERLINK http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/CST+PARTICLE+STUDIOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢+Simulation+of+a+Depressed+Collector Simulation of a Depressed Collector CST PS simulation of a depressed collector. A multi-stage depressed collector for the Rijnhuizen Fusion Free-Electron Maser (FEM) is simulated with CST RTICLE STUDIO. The results are reproduced with permission of Pulsar Physics. See also M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer, Pulsar Physics, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, Vol 139, 1997. CST PARTICLE STUDIO(CST PS) is dedicated to simulating charged particles travelling through electromagnetic fields. To accomplish this task, CST PS requires fields from other CST STUDIO SUITE 3D EM solvers, particularly CST EM STUDIO and CST MICROWAVE STUDIO, as input. CST PS tracks charged particles through this fields, considering relativistic effect, space charge and secondary emission, delivering particle trajectories, phase space distribution, remitances. Electrostatic Simulation of a medical X-Ray device   Electric Field Distribution in the X-Ray Device CST EM STUDIOs Electrostatic Solver can be used to establish electric breakdown fields in X-Ray devices. A STEP model of the device was imported via CST EMSs comprehensive CAD Interface. The main goal of the simulation is to determine the maximum field strength in the model. The design of the housing for the X-Ray tube  can then be optimised to reduce the potential of arcing. Results may be post-processed in terms of field values at specific points, along curves or on material surfaces. . The field was plotted on a central cut-plane using a logarithmic scaling to aid visualisation. Maximum field values in the  model may be extracted automatically in the post-processor. Electrostatic Simulation of a High Voltage Bushing   Cross-sectional View of the Transformer Bushing The above figure shows the  construction of the  bushing  comprising a central  conductor,  a ceramic insulator,   and a housing  containing the transformer oil. The structure was created using the powerful modeling tools in CST EM STUDIO  . The bushing was created by sweeping over 360 degrees a curved profile. To complete the bushing geometry, the blend tool can be applied to round off the bushing edges. The permittivity of the ceramic  has been  set to 1000 with an epsilon of 2.9 for the oil. The housing and the central conductor were both defined as perfect electric conductors (PEC). Symmetry is exploited via the use of tangential symmetry conditions and an open boundary has been applied to reduce the simulation domain MEMS Comb Sensor Potential and electric field for the rectangular and triangular comb tip The design process of the comb sensor starts with a shape optimization in CST EMS. Here two different shapes are modeled and compared.   Therefore, by using parameters a true shape  optimisation of the force can be  performed. After the calculation of fields the forces can be determined as a post processing step. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the  single combs are assumed to be part of an infinite array.  Due to  its special shape the triangular comb tip has a 14% higher attracting force. Consistent Charged Particle Simulation of a Pierce Gun The pierce type gun example demonstrates the analysis of an electrically   large gun configuration. The acceleration of the electrons takes place in only a small part of the computational domain, nearly 90% of the gun consists of a drift-tube.   The electric field is established by the cathode, which acts  at the same  time as particle source, a guiding electrode and the anode, which incorporates the drift-tube. The magnetic field is produced by a large current-driven coil and guided by  a highly   permeable cylinder which encloses the whole configuration. The above figure shows the geometry of the gun which consists of hollow cylinders forming the guide for the magnetic field, the drift tube, the emitting cathode and the  focussing cathode. typical construction features used to create the model include lofting, chamfering and blending operations.  The geometric properties of the coils were created  with the aid of  two curves, one for the coil cross-section, the other for the coil sweep path.

the development of slavery in America :: Slavery Essays

Slavery was the main resource used in the Chesapeake tobacco plantations. The conditions in the Chesapeake region were difficult, which lead to malnutrition, disease, and even death. Slaves were a cheap and an abundant resource, which could be easily replaced at any time. The Chesapeake region’s tobacco industries grew and flourished on the intolerable and inhumane acts of slavery. Chesapeake colonies of Virginia and Maryland were settled in the early 17th century. It was a difficult live for the first colonist; they had limited labor and were constantly raided by Native Americans. Colonist tried to use the Native Americans as a source of slavery. Most of the colonist’s farms were by forest areas so Native Americans would just leave in to the woods. Colonists were afraid of pressuring them from the fear of getting ambushed by gangs of Native Americans. Another reason Native Americans men made bad slaves was because the women in the tribes did the agricultural work in the Native American villages. Colonist started to import slaves from South America in hopes that they would live longer and be more manageable to control. The slaves that were imported were trained past their first year of slavery, so that they would not die as fast. The first imported slaves came to America in the early 17th century. When they received the slaves they found out some of them were baptized, and were under the Christian religion. So they could not be treat as slaves under the religion so they were turned into indentured servants. There were very few vague laws on slavery, but it was always a permanent servitude. At first slaves had limited right, and were aloud to own land, after their period of slavery was over. They were allowed to marry and have children. The slaves kids that were born while they were enslaved were not consider to be slaves, but to be free under the law. Indentured Servants helped the colonies progress their population. England at the time was over populated, and jobs were hard to find. So many people that could not afford the boat trip over to America offered themselves as to be an indentured servant for a period of time. This contractual term can last from between four to seven years. Many colonists preferred having indentured servants over slaves, cause they also helped ward off Native Americans from attacking settlers. The one big draw back of indentured servant was that they usually did not make it pass the first year of their contract.

Should we adopt the Euro?

In recent years there has been much debate as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of adopting the Euro currency. This argument, often a fierce and personal one, has covered the front pages of newspapers for a very long time, and continues to rage on today. But what are the arguments, and should we really join the Euro? Let us start off with the benefits of joining the Euro. One large benefit would be the ease of which one would be able to check different prices across Europe due to one, single and only currency. This would mean that a great deal of time spent on checking, and comparing different prices in different countries with different currencies, would be a lot shorter. So, as a result, international trade and purchasing would be much easier and more time could be spent elsewhere. Another great benefit of the adoption of the Euro is the greater competition that it would induce in the market; the pressure to lower inflation and increase productivity would lead to the need for more innovation in the markets, thus creating a healthier and an ever-growing economy. This would mean that the chance of falling into a recession would be lower, employment would be higher, and incomes would as well. A third benefit is the encouragement of foreign companies to invest in the Eurozone. In due course, more money would be pumped into the economies of Europe and therefore generally Europe would be richer, especially the countries that adopted the Euro. Finally, joining the Eurozone would cause Britain to join a large group of countries that could, when working together, play a large role on the stage of world politics, with the voices of smaller countries in the Euro able to have a say on various topics. On the other hand, there are some strong arguments against joining the Euro. A rather surprisingly popular, if a little stupid, reason put forward is patriotic one – the centuries-old tradition of having the monarch's face on bank notes and coins would be ridden of if the country were to join the Euro, replaced with less patriotic images of Europe. This view is, quite unsurprisingly, not held with very high regard among those for joining the Eurozone. Another argument against adopting the currency was the 20% devaluation of the pound sterling in 2008-10, resulting in not such a bad recession. It was possible that if the UK had been in the Euro at the time, the general economic situation would be a great deal worse than it already is. A third argument against joining the Euro the problem of one Eurozone country's economy failing resulting in more damage to the other countries that use the Euro. This means that if a small country's economy failed, then the effects on other Eurozone countries would be greater due to the reliance on other countries in the Euro. In conclusion, I feel that, while the patriotic argument is quite weak, there isn't much use in joining the Euro, especially when its present situation is so bad considering the recession we find ourselves in. Perhaps, though, in a few years the UK may adopt this single currency, and instead of asking what the costs and benefits are, we must ask ourselves: â€Å"will it last? â€Å"