A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations Essay

A Study of the Predictors of Persistence in Stalking Situations - Essay Example The literature review builds up the idea that will lead to searching for the importance of finding which stalkers are more likely to provide important information regarding how clinicians might deal with perpetrators and victims. In other words, the literature review establishes the idea that will link stalking to the creation or formulation of violence in the long run. Aside from the idea of understanding its psychological implications and other relevant-linked ideas, stalking has been viewed a very important concept that calls for more meaningful understanding because of its associated perceived violence. In general, the literature review is therefore establishing the point that will allow the readers to understand the prevailing ideas or research studies that might help them link stalking to the actual creation of violence. In other words, it is much convenient to say that the literature review tries to collect the relevant point of views that might pave the way for showcasing the actual problem statement of the study. The research study’s problem statement is about finding an estimate that will lead to knowing which stalkers are likely to persist longest as this is important to clinicians dealing with both perpetrators and victims. ... Stalking as already stated is associated with violence. This means that understanding things concerning stalking is just a way of being acquainted more to things about its perceived violence. Not everyone who stalks might be harmful or will result to emancipate violence at some point. That is why it is necessary to understand the characteristics of stalkers and their behavior that might be associated with increased persistence. Increased persistence might be viewed to have significant association with violence. For this reason, there is a point of conducting this research study as far as knowing what eventually will lead to violence in the context of stalking is concerned. Violence has been a long-standing problem in the society and a great area of concern within the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is always trying to improve or find some effective means in order to deal this matter effectively. Stalking together with the characteristics of the stalkers is anothe r important issue for consideration, as far as enhancing the justice system remains as a certain goal that requires more effective scientific approach at some certain point. Qualitative data were generated from the target respondents who were patients with stalking offense. These data were acquired based on the authors’ evaluation and therefore will eventually be categorized under the level of subjective judgment. The data were collected from 180 out of the 200 stalkers in the sample. The referral information and police report as collateral information was gathered from the records of the target respondents. Psychological tests and evaluations were further initiated among the respondents in order to record probable manifestations of mental disorder, and other relevant

Use a variety of accounting theories to respond to Adams (2002) Essay

Use a variety of accounting theories to respond to Adams (2002) statement - Essay Example The corporations need to reform their reporting systems to include all aspects of operation in this era when the global economy is undergoing widespread reforms. The fundamental aim of this paper is analyzing the statement by Adam’s (2002) based on the theories of corporate social responsibility. According to the political theory, organisations have power to analyse the environment and participate in corporate social responsibility. Power is the ability to influence and control behaviour of a certain group of people. Thus, organisations have the political power to influence the aspects of social and environmental concern. Rendtorff (2009) classifies the political theory into two categories: these are corporate citizenship and corporate constitutionalism. Corporate citizenship is founded on the need of firms performing their responsibility to the environment. Corporations are referred to as legal persons (Deegan & Rankin, 1996); hence, they are considered independent individuals who ought to be responsible of their actions on the environment. Demonstrating of corporate accountability is achieved by making publications and reports discussing and analysing their contributions to the community’s wellbeing. Failure to report to the community leads to negative public view a nd lack of credibility of an organisation. The primary aim of constitutions in firms is to create and entrench power. A corporate constitution, thus, governs choices incorporated in the state law and the certificate of incorporation. According to Mahoney, Thorne, Cecil and LaGore (2013), the decision to assign powers to directors over decisions is the choice of governance structures. If directors fail to effectively and responsibly use the powers endowed to them, the community can take away the power and give it to responsible parties (Orlitzky & Swanson, 2008). The community can take away the power by cutting partnerships with them, legal actions, avoiding buying

Applications Of Electrostatics Analysis Engineering Essay

Applications Of Electrostatics Analysis Engineering Essay The practical application of electrostatics is represented by such devices as lightning rods and electrostatic precipitators and by such processes as xerography and the painting of automobiles. Scientific devices based on the principles of electrostatics include electrostatic generators, the field-ion microscope, and ion-drive rocket engines. There are many applications of electrostatics:- 1).Van de graff generator. 2).The electrostatic precipitator. 3).Xerography and Laser Printers. 4).Electron Gun for 6-18 GHz,20 W Helix-TWT Amplifier. 5).CST particle studio simulation of a Depressed Collector. 6).Electrostatic Simulation of a medical X-Ray device. 7).Electrostatic Simulation of a High Voltage Bushing. 8).MEMS Comb Sensor. 9).Consistent charged Particle Simulation of a Pierce Gun. The brief explanation of above applications is given below:- The Van de Graaff Generator Experimental results show that when a charged conductor is placed in contact with the inside of a hollow conductor, all of the charge on the charged conductor is transferred to the hollow conductor. In principle, the charge on the hollow conductor and its electric potential can be increased without limit by repetition of the process. In 1929 Robert J. Van de Graaff (1901-1967) used this principle to design and build an electrostatic generator. This type of generator is used extensively in nuclear physics research. A schematic representation of the generator. Charge is delivered continuously to a high-potential electrode by means of a moving belt of insulating material. The high-voltage electrode is a hollow metal dome mounted on an insulating column. The belt is charged at point A by means of a corona discharge between comb-like metallic needles and a grounded grid. The needles are maintained at a positive electric potential of typically 104 V. The positive charge on the moving belt is transferred to the dome by a second comb of needles at point B. Because the electric field inside the dome is negligible, the positive charge on the belt is easily transferred to the conductor regardless of its potential. In practice, it is possible to increase the electric potential of the dome until electrical discharge occurs through th Because the breakdown electric field in air is about 3000000 V/m, a negatively charged oil droplet in sphere 1 m in radius can be raised to a maximum potential of 3 % 106 V. T he potential can be increased further by increasing the radius of the dome and by placing the entire system in a container filled with high-pressure gas. Van de Graaff generators can produce potential differences as large as 20 million volts. Protons accelerated through such large potential differences receive enough energy to initiate nuclear reactions between themselves and various target nuclei. Smaller generators are often seen in science classrooms and museums. If a person insulated from the ground touches the sphere of a Van de Graaff generator, his or her body can be brought to a high electric potential. The person hair acquires a net positive charge, and each strand is repelled by all the others. Van De Graaff Generator The Electrostatic Precipitator One important application of electrical discharge in gases is the electrostatic precipitator. This device removes particulate matter from combustion gases, thereby reducing air pollution. Precipitators are especially useful in coal-burning power plants and in industrial operations that generate large quantities of smoke. Current systems are able to eliminate more than 99% of the ash from smoke. A high potential difference (typically 40 to 100 kV) is maintained between a wire running down the center of a duct and the walls of the duct, which are grounded. The wire is maintained at a negative electric potential with respect to the walls, so the electric field is directed toward the wire. The values of the field near the wire become high enough to cause a corona discharge around the wire; the air near the wire contains positive ions, electrons, and such negative ions as oxide ions. The air to be cleaned enters the duct and moves near the wire. As the electrons and negative ions created by the discharge are accelerated toward the outer wall by the electric field, the dirt particles in the air become charged by collisions and ion capture. Because most of the charged dirt particles are negative, they too are drawn to the duct walls by the electric field. When the duct is periodically shaken, the particles break loose and are collected at the bottom. In addition to reducing the level of particulate matter in the atmosphere the electrostatic precipitator recovers valuable materials in the form of metal oxides. Electrostatic Precipitator Xerography and Laser Printers The basic idea of xerography5 was developed by Chester Carlson, who was granted a patent for the xerographic process in 1940. The unique feature of this process is the use of a photoconductive material to form an image. (A photoconductor is a material that is a poor electrical conductor in the dark but becomes a good electrical conductor when exposed to light.) The xerographic process is illustrated in Figure 25.31a to d. First, the surface of a plate or drum that has been coated with a thin film of photoconductive material (usually selenium or some compound of selenium) is given a positive electrostatic charge in the dark. An image of the page to be copied is then focused by a lens onto the charged surface. The photoconducting surface becomes conducting only in areas where light strikes it. In these areas, the light produces charge carriers in the photoconductor that move the positive charge off the drum. However, positive charges remain on those areas of the photoconductor not exposed to light, leaving a latent image of the object in the form of a positive surface charge distribution. Next, a negatively charged powder called a toner is dusted onto the photoconducting surface. The charged powder adheres only to those areas of the surface that contain the positively charged image. At this point, the image becomes visible. The toner (and hence the image) is then transferred to the surface of a sheet of positively charged paper. Finally, the toner is fixed to the surface of the paper as the toner melts while passing through high-temperature rollers. This results in a permanent copy of the original. A laser printer operates by the same principle, with the exception that a computer-directed laser beam is used to illuminate the photoconductor instead of a lens. Xerography Laser Printer ELECTRON GUN FOR 6-18GHz,20 W Helix-TWT Amplifier Electron guns are the starting point of every charged particle application. There the DC energy is translated into an extracted beam which later on interacts with all kinds of RF structures. The design and analysis of an electron gun can be performed with the tracking code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO. Schematic of an electron tube The electron gun has to provide the slow wave structure with a beam, which then interacts with the electromagnetic wave existing in the structure and finally is  collected in the collector. In order to enable the interaction, the particles velocity has to match the EM-waves velocity on the circuit. The necessary velocity determines the voltage to be applied. The electron gun then has to be designed in a way, that the emitted current is maximized. The relevant parts for the Electrostatic (Es) simulation are the cathode, focussing electrode and anode  (left). Important for the Magnetostatic (Ms) simulation are the iron yoke and permanent magnets. The potentials and permanent magnets serve as sources for the Es and Ms solver of CST EMS (here run from CST PS) respectively. The iron yoke is considered as non linear material, where the working point is obtained by a non linear iteration scheme in the  Ms solver.   CST PARTICLE STUDIOHYPERLINK http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/CST+PARTICLE+STUDIOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢+Simulation+of+a+Depressed+Collector Simulation of a Depressed Collector CST PS simulation of a depressed collector. A multi-stage depressed collector for the Rijnhuizen Fusion Free-Electron Maser (FEM) is simulated with CST RTICLE STUDIO. The results are reproduced with permission of Pulsar Physics. See also M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer, Pulsar Physics, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, Vol 139, 1997. CST PARTICLE STUDIO(CST PS) is dedicated to simulating charged particles travelling through electromagnetic fields. To accomplish this task, CST PS requires fields from other CST STUDIO SUITE 3D EM solvers, particularly CST EM STUDIO and CST MICROWAVE STUDIO, as input. CST PS tracks charged particles through this fields, considering relativistic effect, space charge and secondary emission, delivering particle trajectories, phase space distribution, remitances. Electrostatic Simulation of a medical X-Ray device   Electric Field Distribution in the X-Ray Device CST EM STUDIOs Electrostatic Solver can be used to establish electric breakdown fields in X-Ray devices. A STEP model of the device was imported via CST EMSs comprehensive CAD Interface. The main goal of the simulation is to determine the maximum field strength in the model. The design of the housing for the X-Ray tube  can then be optimised to reduce the potential of arcing. Results may be post-processed in terms of field values at specific points, along curves or on material surfaces. . The field was plotted on a central cut-plane using a logarithmic scaling to aid visualisation. Maximum field values in the  model may be extracted automatically in the post-processor. Electrostatic Simulation of a High Voltage Bushing   Cross-sectional View of the Transformer Bushing The above figure shows the  construction of the  bushing  comprising a central  conductor,  a ceramic insulator,   and a housing  containing the transformer oil. The structure was created using the powerful modeling tools in CST EM STUDIO  . The bushing was created by sweeping over 360 degrees a curved profile. To complete the bushing geometry, the blend tool can be applied to round off the bushing edges. The permittivity of the ceramic  has been  set to 1000 with an epsilon of 2.9 for the oil. The housing and the central conductor were both defined as perfect electric conductors (PEC). Symmetry is exploited via the use of tangential symmetry conditions and an open boundary has been applied to reduce the simulation domain MEMS Comb Sensor Potential and electric field for the rectangular and triangular comb tip The design process of the comb sensor starts with a shape optimization in CST EMS. Here two different shapes are modeled and compared.   Therefore, by using parameters a true shape  optimisation of the force can be  performed. After the calculation of fields the forces can be determined as a post processing step. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the  single combs are assumed to be part of an infinite array.  Due to  its special shape the triangular comb tip has a 14% higher attracting force. Consistent Charged Particle Simulation of a Pierce Gun The pierce type gun example demonstrates the analysis of an electrically   large gun configuration. The acceleration of the electrons takes place in only a small part of the computational domain, nearly 90% of the gun consists of a drift-tube.   The electric field is established by the cathode, which acts  at the same  time as particle source, a guiding electrode and the anode, which incorporates the drift-tube. The magnetic field is produced by a large current-driven coil and guided by  a highly   permeable cylinder which encloses the whole configuration. The above figure shows the geometry of the gun which consists of hollow cylinders forming the guide for the magnetic field, the drift tube, the emitting cathode and the  focussing cathode. typical construction features used to create the model include lofting, chamfering and blending operations.  The geometric properties of the coils were created  with the aid of  two curves, one for the coil cross-section, the other for the coil sweep path.

the development of slavery in America :: Slavery Essays

Slavery was the main resource used in the Chesapeake tobacco plantations. The conditions in the Chesapeake region were difficult, which lead to malnutrition, disease, and even death. Slaves were a cheap and an abundant resource, which could be easily replaced at any time. The Chesapeake region’s tobacco industries grew and flourished on the intolerable and inhumane acts of slavery. Chesapeake colonies of Virginia and Maryland were settled in the early 17th century. It was a difficult live for the first colonist; they had limited labor and were constantly raided by Native Americans. Colonist tried to use the Native Americans as a source of slavery. Most of the colonist’s farms were by forest areas so Native Americans would just leave in to the woods. Colonists were afraid of pressuring them from the fear of getting ambushed by gangs of Native Americans. Another reason Native Americans men made bad slaves was because the women in the tribes did the agricultural work in the Native American villages. Colonist started to import slaves from South America in hopes that they would live longer and be more manageable to control. The slaves that were imported were trained past their first year of slavery, so that they would not die as fast. The first imported slaves came to America in the early 17th century. When they received the slaves they found out some of them were baptized, and were under the Christian religion. So they could not be treat as slaves under the religion so they were turned into indentured servants. There were very few vague laws on slavery, but it was always a permanent servitude. At first slaves had limited right, and were aloud to own land, after their period of slavery was over. They were allowed to marry and have children. The slaves kids that were born while they were enslaved were not consider to be slaves, but to be free under the law. Indentured Servants helped the colonies progress their population. England at the time was over populated, and jobs were hard to find. So many people that could not afford the boat trip over to America offered themselves as to be an indentured servant for a period of time. This contractual term can last from between four to seven years. Many colonists preferred having indentured servants over slaves, cause they also helped ward off Native Americans from attacking settlers. The one big draw back of indentured servant was that they usually did not make it pass the first year of their contract.

Should we adopt the Euro?

In recent years there has been much debate as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of adopting the Euro currency. This argument, often a fierce and personal one, has covered the front pages of newspapers for a very long time, and continues to rage on today. But what are the arguments, and should we really join the Euro? Let us start off with the benefits of joining the Euro. One large benefit would be the ease of which one would be able to check different prices across Europe due to one, single and only currency. This would mean that a great deal of time spent on checking, and comparing different prices in different countries with different currencies, would be a lot shorter. So, as a result, international trade and purchasing would be much easier and more time could be spent elsewhere. Another great benefit of the adoption of the Euro is the greater competition that it would induce in the market; the pressure to lower inflation and increase productivity would lead to the need for more innovation in the markets, thus creating a healthier and an ever-growing economy. This would mean that the chance of falling into a recession would be lower, employment would be higher, and incomes would as well. A third benefit is the encouragement of foreign companies to invest in the Eurozone. In due course, more money would be pumped into the economies of Europe and therefore generally Europe would be richer, especially the countries that adopted the Euro. Finally, joining the Eurozone would cause Britain to join a large group of countries that could, when working together, play a large role on the stage of world politics, with the voices of smaller countries in the Euro able to have a say on various topics. On the other hand, there are some strong arguments against joining the Euro. A rather surprisingly popular, if a little stupid, reason put forward is patriotic one – the centuries-old tradition of having the monarch's face on bank notes and coins would be ridden of if the country were to join the Euro, replaced with less patriotic images of Europe. This view is, quite unsurprisingly, not held with very high regard among those for joining the Eurozone. Another argument against adopting the currency was the 20% devaluation of the pound sterling in 2008-10, resulting in not such a bad recession. It was possible that if the UK had been in the Euro at the time, the general economic situation would be a great deal worse than it already is. A third argument against joining the Euro the problem of one Eurozone country's economy failing resulting in more damage to the other countries that use the Euro. This means that if a small country's economy failed, then the effects on other Eurozone countries would be greater due to the reliance on other countries in the Euro. In conclusion, I feel that, while the patriotic argument is quite weak, there isn't much use in joining the Euro, especially when its present situation is so bad considering the recession we find ourselves in. Perhaps, though, in a few years the UK may adopt this single currency, and instead of asking what the costs and benefits are, we must ask ourselves: â€Å"will it last? â€Å"

Music Affects Mood Essay

Music is any form of sound in a synchronized pattern that affects the brainwaves. Together with many instruments, an emotional harmony is created that can single-handedly manipulate human emotion. When music manipulates emotion to an extreme degree, the practice can become an addiction. There are many causes for being a music addict. It provides an artificial sanctuary, bringing out the emotion that a person is feeling. Music is limitless; there is no end to its boundaries. Music affects how you feel, react, and learn. I can be in the best of moods, then listen to a sad song and start to feel depressed. You listen to something more upbeat your mood will lighten, and you become happier. Music’s ability to â€Å"heal the soul† is the stuff of legend in every culture. Many people find that music lifts their spirits. Modern research tends to confirm music’s psychotherapeutic benefits. Bright, cheerful music (e.g. Mozart, Vivaldi, bluegrass, Klezmer, Salsa, reggae) is the most obvious prescription for the blues. Animals are similar. You play rock and roll and they usually run out of the room, at least mine do. But if you put on some jazz or especially classical, they lie down and close their eyes. It is soothing and calming. Jazz, blues, soul or calypso music can uplift and inspire us, releasing deep joy or even deep sadness, conveying wit and affirming our common humanity. People will also recognize happy faces if they are feeling happy themselves. A new study by researcher Jacob Jolij and student Maaike Meurs of the Psychology Department of the University of Groningen shows that music has an even more dramatic effect on perception: even if there is nothing to see, people sometimes still see happy faces when they are listening to happy music and sad faces when they are listening to sad music. Pretty interesting, but this notion really makes sense. The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart’s music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and re tention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Classical music, such as Haydn and Mozart, often improves concentration and memory when played in the background. When I am studying or writing, I want just soft back ground music. Because when I’m listening to upbeat hip-hop or lyrical music, I tend to concentrate on the words more than my studies or book. Also if I’m writing and I’m listening to a lyrical song I tend to write the words in the songs other than what I need to be writing, without thinking about it! I have seen moms in movies put headphones around their tummy when they are pregnant and play classical music such as Mozart because they wanted their children to grow up being smart. Clinical researchers at the U.C.L.A School of Nursing in Los Angeles, and at Georgia Baptist Medical Center in Atlanta, found that premature babies gained weight faster and were able to use oxygen more efficiently when they listened to soothing music. Some rhythms, such as Baroque, induce enzymes in the brain and add amazing well being and focus. Slower Baroque music, such as Bach, Handel, Vivaldi or Corelli, can create mentally stimulating environments for creativity and new innovations. I hear people complaining about baroque and classical music being boring, but if that kind of music was never around, then the music we have now would not exist. So I appreciate it, and I agree with the fact it helps people study and feel more creative. Romantic music, such as Schubert, Schumann, Tchaikovsky, Chopin and Liszt, enhances our senses and increases a sense of sympathy and love. Liszt was a ladies’ man, and piano master. Some consider his music vulgar and bombastic; others revel in its extroverted romantic rhetoric. Chopin’s pieces were elegant and peaceful. He composed a lot of nocturnal and waltz’s. Chopin, at the age of 10 he was often summoned to play for the Grand Duke Constantine, governor of Poland. The Duke had recurring seizures of madness which could seemingly be controlled only by Chopin’s music. When the little boy played, the seizures abated and the governor could resume his normal activities, only to send for Chopin again when the musical medicine wore off. The Schumann’s were a couple who wrote music together. But before they married Mr. Schumann composed a song about the little girl he taught and would later marry, Chiarina. His wife wrote too, but she preferred to perform. Their love story is sweet and so is their music. This is the reason why this time period was called Romantic, music and musicians were more free and felt love. Rock music, from Elvis Presley to the Rolling Stones, stirs passion and activity, and so can release daily tensions. Rock can also mask pain and cover up unpleasant noises. It also has the power to create dissonance, stress or physical pain if we are not in the mood for energizing. Keep in mind that listening to too much pop and hard rock music can make a person more jittery than energized. I know that a lot of guys like to listen it in the workout room to get pumped up. But those who worked out while listening to Vivaldi scored higher in a test of cognitive function. I like a little bit of rock, as it definitely opened the doors for different music to come through. Heavy metal and hip-hop music excites our nervous system, and sometimes leads us into acting out dynamic behavior and self-expression.. I understand you may not want to listen to happy-go-lucky music when you are upset, but why would you listen to something so heavy that it makes you want to bang ones head on something. The words in metal and hip-hop are words we want to say but don’t have the courage to. So we just listen and close our eyes, and it is our song for three minutes because the singers understand. It’s very pumped up and ready to fire off. Hip-hop is dance-able and heavy metal is someone just screaming or yelling for you when you want to. Country music is similar in that it features messages with which listening can identify. A lot of couples use country songs as â€Å"our song†. It has evolved over the years and women have a bigger role in this than any other genre. I have compared some old country music to the newer releases. Now performers sing about more than a truck, drinking, dogs, and a girl. But most country music does have a girl mentioned somewhere. Perhaps that’s the southern way of being romantic, strumming a guitar and singing about one’s lady. But then I have heard that is one of the genres that don’t promote happy feelings. In fact, supposedly country music has been linked to depression and suicide. Suicide rates for Cauca sian Americans living in metropolitan areas are higher in those cities where more country music is played on the radio. If you find yourself feeling down and depressed, country music is definitely not the music you want to be listening to. I don’t know if I agree with that, I just think that country is mostly just good southern music. I don’t listen to it all the time, but occasionally I like the sound and feeling down to earth, unless I just happen to be picking the better songs. I try to pick song without bad language or vulgar meaning. There are better things out there than that. Listening to music with vulgar meaning or language affects how we react and what we think about. Amy Winehouse wrote about drugs, drinking and rehab. Then later she died due to those causes. Was her personal life influenced by being awarded for singing about it? Somewhat unsettling in my opinion. Rap artists use such vulgar language and degrade women why do we listen to it or put up with it. It makes us women look like a piece of meat: Young adults, both male and female, who listen to rap music, are generally more accepting of violence towards women. Rap songs are more known to promote angry feelings than any other. However, there are numerous people who state that rap music makes them feel more relaxed. Others feel more energetic and happy because a lot of rap music promotes dancing and movement. This genre is just one of the examples of music with diverse results. Rap is not music, as it lacks any musical parts. It is rhyming over a beat that the rapper did not usually originally create. And if Mozart heard it, I think he would have a stern talking to that person. But enough of rap, let get into something everyone can associate music with. Music plays a huge part in movies also. When directors want a certain emotion coming out of that scene, they get someone to compose a song. As both music and film sequences are structured in time according to the viewers’ perception, there is a strong link between the two when played together. A viewer has two perceptual modes whilst watching film and listening to music, real time or ontological applies to where the viewer/listener perceives each note or movement, and psychological time in which the composition/film is perceived more subjectively and the viewer takes what they see/hear as a whole. Like â€Å"Jaws,† when the shark shows up, it plays that classic song that everyone can quote. It puts you on the edge of your seat because you know something will happen. I just got done watching â€Å"Parent Trap,† starring Lindsay Lohan, for the millionth time. In the movie when the mom hugs her other daughter for the first time in eleven years, the music gets higher and just more flowing and elegant. It made me cry, but when I muted it, it just like watching a moving scene. Not readily really feeling anything, you had to try to base your feeling on the actor’s facial expressions. To summon up here is an overall look on people opinions. I found a really neat survey that people all over the world took. Here is each question and the highest chosen answer for each. How does classical music affect your mood? 69 people answered this question and 45 said relaxed. How does rock/metal music affect your mood? 83 people answered and 25 people said both angry and happy and coming in close behind 23 said anxious. How does jazz affect your mood? 72 people answered and 35 said relaxed. How does hip-hop music affect your mood? 68 people answered and 24 said happy and coming in close behind 21 said anxious. How does country music affect your mood? This was a really close one. 75 people answered. 8 people said anxious, 15 people said angry, 16 people said relaxed, and then 18 people tied between depressed and happy. It’s really a powerful drug. Music can POISON you, lift your spirits, or MAKE YOU SICK without knowing why. Music is used everywhere to condition the human mind. It can be just as powerful as a drug and much more dangerous, because nobody takes musical manipulation very seriously. There is just so much to say about different genres and how they can affect people. No music is neutral. All of it affects your brain and emotions, as well as physical and spiritual being. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Addiction to Music†, November 13, 2008, http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/20776.html, (accessed March 26, 2012) [ 2 ]. â€Å"How Music Affects Us and Promotes Our Health,† 2011, http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/music.shtml, (accessed March 8, 2012) [ 3 ]. Dr. Ellen Weber, â€Å"The Brain On Music, November 14, 2008, http://www.brainleadersandlearners.com/multiple-intelligences/musical/the-brain-on-music/, (accessed March 8, 2012) [ 4 ]. University of Groningen, â€Å"Research Show Music Changes Perception,† April 27, 2011, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110427101606.htm, (accessed March 7, 2012) [ 5 ]. â€Å"How Music Affects Us and Promotes Our Health,† 2011, http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/music.shtml, (accessed March 7, 2012) [ 6 ]. Dr. Ellen Weber, â€Å"The Brain On Music,† November 14, 2008,

The Holy Land

The Holy Land The region generally encompassing territory from the River Jordan in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and from the Euphrates River in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba in the south, was considered the Holy Land by medieval Europeans. The city of Jerusalem was of especially sacred significance  and continues to be so, to Jews, Christians and Muslims. A Region of Sacred Significance For millennia, this territory had been considered the Jewish homeland, originally encompassing the joint kingdoms of Juda and Israel that had been founded by King David. In c. 1000 B.C.E., David conquered Jerusalem and made it the capital; he brought the Ark of the Covenant there, making it a religious center, as well. Davids son King Solomon had a fabulous temple built in the city, and for centuries Jerusalem flourished as a spiritual and cultural center. Through the long and tumultous history of the Jews, they never stopped considering Jerusalem to be the single most important and holiest of cities. The region has spiritual meaning for Christians because it was here that Jesus Christ lived, traveled, preached and died. Jerusalem is especially sacred because it was in this city that Jesus died on the cross and, Christians believe, rose from the dead. The sites that he visited, and especially the site believed to be his tomb, made Jerusalem the most important objective for medieval Christian pilgrimage. Muslims see religious value in the area because it is where monotheism originated, and they recognize Islams monotheistic heritage from Judaism. Jerusalem was originally the place toward which Muslims turned in prayer, until it was changed to Mecca in the 620s C.E. Even then, Jerusalem retained significance to Muslims because it was the site of Muhammads night journey and ascension. The History of Palestine This region was also sometimes known as Palestine, but the term is a difficult one to apply with any precision. The term Palestine derives from Philistia, which was what the Greeks called the land of the Philistines. In the 2nd century C.E. the Romans used the term Syria Palaestina to indicate the southern part of Syria, and from there the term made its way into Arabic. Palestine has post-medieval significance; but in the Middle Ages, it was rarely used by Europeans in connection with the land they considered sacred. The profound importance of the Holy Land to European Christians would lead Pope Urban II to make the call for the First Crusade, and thousands of devout Christians answered that call.